Upstream Water Quality
Factors affecting water quality:
Waste water discharge
Waste water discharges from construction sites, and cities such as Diyarbakir, Bismil, Batman and Siirt which are situated upstream. Diyarbakir, the biggest city upstream, houses multiple industries such as alcoholic drinks, cigarettes, cotton, carpet factories, poultry, slaughter houses and others. Among all the cities, it produces the most waste and is the only one with a functional waste treatment plant. The plant in Diyarbakir (without tertiary treatment) has reduced organic pollution amounts but nitrogen and phosphorous remain unchanged.
Maden, a city slightly upstream from Diyarbakir, is situated near the Etibank copper smelter. Heavy metal concentrations were elevated upstream, however these decreased to nothing at the Dicle dam - indicating that these concentrations are diluted and negligible downstream. However this data is the result of but one sample test. More thorough monitoring will be required in the future to ensure that these results are constant.
Batman has a petroleum refinery, and though contains its own waste water treatment plant, water samples indicate hydrocarbon spills.
Runoff from solid waste dumps
The large influx of rural migrants to the cities of Diyarkabir, Bismil, Batman and Siirt, as a result of the growing industries, has led to major waste management issues. As was mentioned, Diyarkabir is the only city equipped with a functional waste treatment plant. Solid waste is commonly disposed of along random roads, creeks, ditches and rivers. Though illegal, hospitals eliminate their waste through similar methods in order to save time, when occupancy is at a maximum. In the reservoir area, 41.5% of households resort to wild dumping to dispose of waste and garbage. Though municipalities have a collection service for 26.6 % of households interviewed, 5 % of these nonetheless dump garbage in rivers and another 0.7% burn garbage.
Return from irrigated fields
As for return water from irrigated fields, the current return is 15%, but expected to increase to 29% with the construction of the reservoir. This accounts for 80 to 90% of the total nitrogen and phosphorous discharge in the reservoir. To date, more than 140,000 ha of land are irrigated upstream, however 125,000 ha more are expected to be operated in future.
- Waste water discharge
- Runoff from existing solid waste dumps
- Return water from irrigated fields
Waste water discharge
Waste water discharges from construction sites, and cities such as Diyarbakir, Bismil, Batman and Siirt which are situated upstream. Diyarbakir, the biggest city upstream, houses multiple industries such as alcoholic drinks, cigarettes, cotton, carpet factories, poultry, slaughter houses and others. Among all the cities, it produces the most waste and is the only one with a functional waste treatment plant. The plant in Diyarbakir (without tertiary treatment) has reduced organic pollution amounts but nitrogen and phosphorous remain unchanged.
Maden, a city slightly upstream from Diyarbakir, is situated near the Etibank copper smelter. Heavy metal concentrations were elevated upstream, however these decreased to nothing at the Dicle dam - indicating that these concentrations are diluted and negligible downstream. However this data is the result of but one sample test. More thorough monitoring will be required in the future to ensure that these results are constant.
Batman has a petroleum refinery, and though contains its own waste water treatment plant, water samples indicate hydrocarbon spills.
Runoff from solid waste dumps
The large influx of rural migrants to the cities of Diyarkabir, Bismil, Batman and Siirt, as a result of the growing industries, has led to major waste management issues. As was mentioned, Diyarkabir is the only city equipped with a functional waste treatment plant. Solid waste is commonly disposed of along random roads, creeks, ditches and rivers. Though illegal, hospitals eliminate their waste through similar methods in order to save time, when occupancy is at a maximum. In the reservoir area, 41.5% of households resort to wild dumping to dispose of waste and garbage. Though municipalities have a collection service for 26.6 % of households interviewed, 5 % of these nonetheless dump garbage in rivers and another 0.7% burn garbage.
Return from irrigated fields
As for return water from irrigated fields, the current return is 15%, but expected to increase to 29% with the construction of the reservoir. This accounts for 80 to 90% of the total nitrogen and phosphorous discharge in the reservoir. To date, more than 140,000 ha of land are irrigated upstream, however 125,000 ha more are expected to be operated in future.
Implications
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